How to prepare Pathology for Medical PG Entrance

Most Important Topics of Pathology for Medical PG Entrance

I. Cell as a Unit of Health & DiseaseImportant topics

1. Cell Genome- In this, you need to prepare Epigenetics and how to diagnose a case of Epigenetics.
2. Types of Collagen, where they are located and the diseases which occur due to their deficiency.
3. Stem cells

1. Reversible Injury
2. Irreversible Injury
3. Difference between Reversible & Irreversible Injury
4. Apoptosis
5. Calcification and their examples

1. Factors which lead to increased vascular permeability (Regularly repeated)
2. Cellular events of Inflammation
3. Mediators of Inflammation
4. Cell Repair and the day-wise approach

1. Mendelian Inheritance – Autosomal Dominant & Autosomal Recessive. Be cautious of the fact that all dominant diseases do not present like autosomal recessive.
2. Factors affecting autosomal dominant diseases such as Co-dominance, Pleiotropism, etc.
3. Examples of Automosal Dominant and Autosomal Recessive
4. Non-Mendelian Inheritance such as Trinucleotide Repeat and Silencing
5. Genomic Imprinting, Maternal and Paternal Disomy
6. Neoplasia – Try to remember only the most important mutations.
   • Metaplasia, dysplasia, anaplasia
   • Cell cycle
   • Oncogenes
   • Cell cycle inhibitors
   • Ras, proto-oncogenes
   • Tumor suppressor genes
   • Paraneoplastic syndromes
   • Lab diagnosis of cancer
   • Tumor markers
7. Tumor suppressor Genes - Prepare the ones present in the Nucleus
8. Warbug effect
9. Tumor markers used in Diagnostic and Prognostic field nowadays

1. NK cells, Dendritic Cells and Antigen preventing cells
2. Amyloidosis is very very important

1. ALL
2. CLL
3. DLBCL
4. Burkitts
5. AML – in particular reference to the new WHO 2008 Classifications
6. CML is very important topic and must not be missed

1. Haemolytic Anaemia (Sickle cell Anaemia, Thallasemia)
   • Sicle Cell Anaemia - Mutations and the factors which increase or decrease Sickling
   • Thallasemia – Peripheral Smear finding
2. Iron Deficiency Anaemia – Prepare the difference between Iron Deficiency Anaemia and Anaemia of Chronic Disease
3. Differential diagnosis of Pancytopenia – Pancytopenia with cellular bone marrow and Pancytopenia with Acellular Bone Marrow.

1. Primary hemostatic plug
2. Secondary hemostatic plug
3. Deficiency of Coagulation Factors
4. Von Willebrand disease
5. DIC

1. Lung Cancers
2. Endothyroid Carcinoma.
3. Mesothelioma and the Histological Difference between Mesothelioma and Adenocarcinoma
4. Thyroid Carcinoma – Types
5. RCC
6. CNS Tumors

1. Kidney
   • Casts
   • Different types of nephritis (Membranous, Minimal Change disease)
   • Focal Segmental glomerulosclerosis.
2. Liver
   • Alcoholic liver disease.
   • Non Alcoholic liver disease.
   • NASH (Non Alcoholic Steatohepatitis)
   • NAFLS (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)
3. CNS
   • Schwannoma
   • Medulloblastoma
   • Astrocytoma